The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The European champions appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the match featuring the French league champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to complete a 4-1 penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.